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<title>Multistable perception</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Multistable perception</span></span>

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<p><b>Multistable perception</b> (or <b>bistable perception</b>) is a <a href="Perceptual" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptual">perceptual</a> phenomenon in which an observer experiences an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes. While usually associated with <a href="Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">visual perception</a> (a form of <a href="Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">optical illusion</a>), multistable perception can also be experienced with <a href="Sound" title="Sound">auditory</a> and <a href="Olfactory" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory">olfactory</a> percepts.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div>

<p>Perceptual <a href="Multistability" title="Multistability">multistability</a> can be evoked by visual patterns that are too <a href="Ambiguous" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambiguous">ambiguous</a> for the human <a href="Visual_system" title="Visual system">visual system</a> to definitively and uniquely interpret. Familiar examples include the <a href="Necker_cube" title="Necker cube">Necker cube</a>, <a href="Schroeder_staircase" class="mw-redirect" title="Schroeder staircase">Schroeder staircase</a>, <a href="Structure_from_motion" title="Structure from motion">structure from motion</a>, <a href="Monocular_rivalry" title="Monocular rivalry">monocular rivalry</a>, and <a href="Binocular_rivalry" title="Binocular rivalry">binocular rivalry</a>, but many more visually <a href="Ambiguous_image" title="Ambiguous image">ambiguous patterns</a> are known. Because most of these images lead to an alternation between two mutually exclusive perceptual states, they are sometimes also referred to as bistable perception.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Multistable_auditory_perception" title="Multistable auditory perception">Auditory</a> and <a href="Olfactory" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory">olfactory</a> examples can occur when there are conflicting, and so rival, inputs into the two <a href="Ear" title="Ear">ears</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or two <a href="Nostril" title="Nostril">nostrils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characterization">Characterization</h2></div>

<p>The transition from one precept (an undefined term) to its alternative (the defined term) is called a perceptual reversal (<a href="Paradigm_shift" title="Paradigm shift">Paradigm shift</a>). They are spontaneous and <a href="Stochastic" title="Stochastic">stochastic</a> events that cannot be eliminated by intentional efforts, although some control over the alternation process is learnable. Reversal rates vary drastically between stimuli and observers. They are slower for people with <a href="Bipolar_disorder" title="Bipolar disorder">bipolar disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_history">Cultural history</h2></div>

<p>Human interest in these phenomena can be traced back to <a href="Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">antiquity</a>. The fascination with multistable perception probably comes from the active nature of <a href="Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">endogenous</a> perceptual changes or from the dissociation of dynamic perception from constant sensory stimulation.

</p><p>Multistable perception was a common feature in the artwork of the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> <a href="Lithography" title="Lithography">lithographer</a> <a href="M._C._Escher" title="M. C. Escher">M. C. Escher</a>, who was strongly influenced by mathematical physicists such as <a href="Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real-world_phenomena">Real-world phenomena</h3></div>

<p>Photographs of craters, from either the moon or other planets including our own, can exhibit this phenomenon. Craters in stereo vision, such as our eyes, normally appear concave. However, in monocular presentations, such as photographs, the elimination of our depth perception causes multistable perception, which can cause the craters to look like plateaus rather than pits. For humans, the "default" interpretation comes from an assumption of <a href="Top-left_lighting" title="Top-left lighting">top-left lighting</a>, so that rotating the image by 180 degrees can cause the perception to suddenly switch.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phenomenon is called the concave/convex, or simply up/down, ambiguity, and it confuses <a href="Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">computer vision</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3></div>

<p>In literature, the <a href="Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> <a href="Novel" title="Novel">novel</a>, <i><a href="Dhalgren" title="Dhalgren">Dhalgren</a></i>, by <a href="Samuel_R._Delany" title="Samuel R. Delany">Samuel R. Delany</a>, contains circular text, multistable perception, and multiple entry points.

</p><p>Multistable perception arises with the theater segments of <i><a href="Mystery_Science_Theater_3000" title="Mystery Science Theater 3000">Mystery Science Theater 3000</a></i>, as due to the construction of the <a href="Crow_T._Robot" title="Crow T. Robot">Crow T. Robot</a> puppet, its head can appear to be facing towards the camera rather than towards the film being shown. This was addressed by the creators of the series, even likening Crow to a <a href="Necker_cube" title="Necker cube">Necker cube</a><sup id="cite_ref-necker_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-necker-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="The_Spinning_Dancer" class="mw-redirect" title="The Spinning Dancer">The Spinning Dancer</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">Cognitive neuroscience</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_psychology" title="Experimental psychology">Experimental psychology</a></li>

<li><a href="Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt psychology</a></li>

<li><a href="Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFAlais,_DBlake,_R.2005" class="citation book cs1">Alais, D; Blake, R., eds. (2005). <i>Binocular Rivalry</i>. MIT Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-262-01212-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKruse,_P.Stadler,_M.1995" class="citation book cs1">Kruse, P.; Stadler, M. (1995). <i>Multistable Cognitive Phenomena</i>. Springer. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-387-57082-2</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visualfunhouse.com/">VisualFunHouse Optical Illusions</a> Multistable perception Optical Illusions</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030806084943/http://eluzions.com/Illusions/Ambiguous/">A collection of visually ambiguous patterns</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_S._M.Liu,_G._B.Ngo,_T._T.Hooper,_G.2000" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, S. M.; Liu, G. B.; Ngo, T. T.; Hooper, G.; Riek, S.; Carson, R. G.; Pettigrew, J. D. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211042643/http://www.uq.edu.au/nuq/jack/HTMLCBpaper.htm">"Interhemispheric Switching Mediates Perceptual Rivalry"</a>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>10</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">383–</span>392. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2800%2900416-4">10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00416-4</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10753744">10753744</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51808719">51808719</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uq.edu.au/nuq/jack/HTMLCBpaper.htm">the original</a> on 2021-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-01-21</span></span>.</cite></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://figuresambigues.free.fr/SommairesJeux/modemploienglish.html">Ambiguous figures</a> Ambiguity of spatial perception (fr)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Sensation_and_perception287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Sense" title="Sense">Sensation</a> and <a href="Perception" title="Perception">perception</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cognitive_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive process">Processes <br>and <br>concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sense" title="Sense">Sensation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stimulus_(physiology)" title="Stimulus (physiology)">Stimulus</a></li>

<li><a href="Sensory_neuron" title="Sensory neuron">Sensory receptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Transduction_(physiology)" title="Transduction (physiology)">Transduction (physiology)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sensory_processing" title="Sensory processing">Sensory processing</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_sensory_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Active sensory system">Active sensory system</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multimodal_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimodal integration">Multimodal integration</a></li>

<li><a href="Awareness" title="Awareness">Awareness</a></li>

<li><a href="Consciousness" title="Consciousness">Consciousness</a></li>

<li><a href="Cognition" title="Cognition">Cognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Feeling" title="Feeling">Feeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Motion_perception" title="Motion perception">Motion perception</a></li>

<li><a href="Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Human" title="Human">Human</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Exteroception" class="mw-redirect" title="Exteroception">External</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sensory_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory organ">Sensory organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Inner_ear" title="Inner ear">Inner ear</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Mouth</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sensory_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory system">Sensory systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Visual_system" title="Visual system">Visual system (sense of vision)</a></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_system" title="Auditory system">Auditory system (sense of hearing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vestibular_system" title="Vestibular system">Vestibular system (sense of balance)</a></li>

<li><a href="Olfactory_system" title="Olfactory system">Olfactory system (sense of smell)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gustatory_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustatory system">Gustatory system (sense of taste)</a></li>

<li><a href="Somatosensory_system" title="Somatosensory system">Somatosensory system (sense of touch)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sensory <a href="Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">cranial</a> and <a href="Spinal_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal nerves">spinal nerves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic (II)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear (VIII)</a></li>

<li><a href="Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory (I)</a></li>

<li><a href="Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">Facial (VII)</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal (IX)</a></li>

<li><a href="Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal (V)</a></li>

<li><a href="Spinal_nerve" title="Spinal nerve">Spinal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sensory_cortex" title="Sensory cortex">Cerebral cortices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Visual_cortex" title="Visual cortex">Visual cortex</a></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_cortex" title="Auditory cortex">Auditory cortex</a></li>

<li><a href="Vestibular_cortex" title="Vestibular cortex">Vestibular cortex</a></li>

<li><a href="Olfactory_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory cortex">Olfactory cortex</a></li>

<li><a href="Gustatory_cortex" title="Gustatory cortex">Gustatory cortex</a></li>

<li><a href="Somatosensory_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatosensory cortex">Somatosensory cortex</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perceptions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception (vision)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Color" title="Color">Color</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditory perception">Auditory perception (hearing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Equilibrioception" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrioception">Equilibrioception (balance)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sense_of_smell" title="Sense of smell">Olfaction (smell)</a></li>

<li><a href="Taste" title="Taste">Gustation (taste or flavor)</a></li>

<li><a href="Touch" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch">Touch</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mechanoreception" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanoreception">mechanoreception</a></li>

<li><a href="Nociception" title="Nociception">nociception (pain)</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermoception" title="Thermoception">thermoception</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Interoception" title="Interoception">Internal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Proprioception" title="Proprioception">Proprioception</a></li>

<li><a href="Hunger_(physiology)" title="Hunger (physiology)">Hunger</a></li>

<li><a href="Thirst" title="Thirst">Thirst</a></li>

<li><a href="Suffocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffocation">Suffocation</a></li>

<li><a href="Nausea" title="Nausea">Nausea</a></li>

<li><a href="Visceral_pain" title="Visceral pain">Visceral pain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nonhuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonhuman">Nonhuman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sense" title="Sense">Animal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electroreception" class="mw-redirect" title="Electroreception">Electroreception</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetoreception" title="Magnetoreception">Magnetoreception</a></li>

<li><a href="Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">Echolocation</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrared_sensing_in_vampire_bats" title="Infrared sensing in vampire bats">Infrared sensing in vampire bats</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrared_sensing_in_snakes" title="Infrared sensing in snakes">Infrared sensing in snakes</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_wave_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface wave detection">Surface wave detection</a></li>

<li><a href="Frog_hearing_and_communication" title="Frog hearing and communication">Frog hearing</a></li>

<li><a href="Vision_in_toads" title="Vision in toads">Toad vision</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plant_perception_(physiology)" title="Plant perception (physiology)">Plant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Photomorphogenesis" title="Photomorphogenesis">Photomorphogenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Gravitropism" title="Gravitropism">Gravitropism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Machine_perception" title="Machine perception">Artificial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Robotic_sensing" title="Robotic sensing">Robotic sensing</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">Computer vision</a></li>

<li><a href="Machine_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine hearing">Machine hearing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <br><a href="Sensory_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory receptor">sensory receptors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mechanoreceptor" title="Mechanoreceptor">Mechanoreceptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Baroreceptor" title="Baroreceptor">Baroreceptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechanotransduction" title="Mechanotransduction">Mechanotransduction</a></li>

<li><a href="Lamellar_corpuscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellar corpuscle">Lamellar corpuscle</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactile_corpuscle" title="Tactile corpuscle">Tactile corpuscle</a></li>

<li><a href="Merkel_nerve_ending" title="Merkel nerve ending">Merkel nerve ending</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulbous_corpuscle" title="Bulbous corpuscle">Bulbous corpuscle</a></li>

<li><a href="Campaniform_sensilla" title="Campaniform sensilla">Campaniform sensilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Slit_sensilla" title="Slit sensilla">Slit sensilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Stretch_receptor" title="Stretch receptor">Stretch receptor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photoreceptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Photoreceptor_cell" title="Photoreceptor cell">Photoreceptor cell</a></li>

<li><a href="IpRGC" class="mw-redirect" title="IpRGC">ipRGC</a></li>

<li><a href="Photopigment" title="Photopigment">Photopigment</a></li>

<li><a href="Aureochromes" title="Aureochromes">Aureochrome</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chemoreceptor" title="Chemoreceptor">Chemoreceptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Taste_receptor" title="Taste receptor">Taste receptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Olfactory_receptor" title="Olfactory receptor">Olfactory receptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Osmoreceptor" title="Osmoreceptor">Osmoreceptor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Thermoreceptor" title="Thermoreceptor">Thermoreceptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cilium#Sensing_the_extracellular_environment" title="Cilium">Cilium</a></li>

<li><a href="TRP_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="TRP channels">TRP channels</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nociceptor" title="Nociceptor">Nociceptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nociceptin_receptor#Pain_circuitry" title="Nociceptin receptor">Nociceptin receptor</a></li>

<li><a href="Juxtacapillary_receptors" title="Juxtacapillary receptors">Juxtacapillary receptor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vision_disorder" title="Vision disorder">Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">Visual impairment</a></li>

<li><a href="Alice_in_Wonderland_syndrome" title="Alice in Wonderland syndrome">Alice in Wonderland syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Amaurosis" title="Amaurosis">Amaurosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Anopsia" title="Anopsia">Anopsia</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a></li>

<li><a href="Diplopia" title="Diplopia">Diplopia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hemeralopia" title="Hemeralopia">Hemeralopia</a> and <a href="Nyctalopia" title="Nyctalopia">Nyctalopia</a></li>

<li><a href="Optic_neuropathy" title="Optic neuropathy">Optic neuropathy</a></li>

<li><a href="Oscillopsia" title="Oscillopsia">Oscillopsia</a></li>

<li><a href="Palinopsia" title="Palinopsia">Palinopsia</a></li>

<li><a href="Papilledema" title="Papilledema">Papilledema</a></li>

<li><a href="Photophobia" title="Photophobia">Photophobia</a></li>

<li><a href="Photopsia" title="Photopsia">Photopsia</a></li>

<li><a href="Cerebral_polyopia" title="Cerebral polyopia">Polyopia</a></li>

<li><a href="Scotoma" title="Scotoma">Scotoma</a></li>

<li><a href="Stereoblindness" title="Stereoblindness">Stereoblindness</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual snow">Visual snow</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Auditory_processing_disorder" title="Auditory processing disorder">Auditory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amblyaudia" title="Amblyaudia">Amblyaudia</a></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_agnosia" title="Auditory agnosia">Auditory agnosia</a></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_hallucination" title="Auditory hallucination">Auditory hallucination</a></li>

<li><a href="Auditory_verbal_agnosia" title="Auditory verbal agnosia">Auditory verbal agnosia</a></li>

<li><a href="Cortical_deafness" title="Cortical deafness">Cortical deafness</a></li>

<li><a href="Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">Hearing loss</a></li>

<li><a href="Microwave_auditory_effect" title="Microwave auditory effect">Microwave auditory effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Music-specific_disorders" title="Music-specific disorders">Music-specific disorders</a></li>

<li><a href="Palinopsia" title="Palinopsia">Palinopsia</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatial_hearing_loss" title="Spatial hearing loss">Spatial hearing loss</a></li>

<li><a href="Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">Tinnitus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Balance_disorder" title="Balance disorder">Vestibular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vertigo" title="Vertigo">Vertigo</a></li>

<li><a href="Labyrinthine_fistula" title="Labyrinthine fistula">Labyrinthine fistula</a></li>

<li><a href="Labyrinthitis" title="Labyrinthitis">Labyrinthitis</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re's_disease" title="Ménière's disease">Ménière's disease</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Olfaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfaction">Olfactory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anosmia" title="Anosmia">Anosmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Dysosmia" title="Dysosmia">Dysosmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperosmia" title="Hyperosmia">Hyperosmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyposmia" title="Hyposmia">Hyposmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Olfactory_reference_syndrome" title="Olfactory reference syndrome">Olfactory reference syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Parosmia" title="Parosmia">Parosmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Phantosmia" title="Phantosmia">Phantosmia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Taste_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Taste disorder">Gustatory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ageusia" title="Ageusia">Ageusia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypergeusia" title="Hypergeusia">Hypergeusia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypogeusia" title="Hypogeusia">Hypogeusia</a></li>

<li><a href="Parageusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parageusia">Parageusia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Somatosensory_disorder" title="Somatosensory disorder">Tactile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Astereognosis" title="Astereognosis">Astereognosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Charcot%E2%80%93Marie%E2%80%93Tooth_disease" title="Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease">CMT disease</a></li>

<li><a href="Formication" title="Formication">Formication</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperesthesia" title="Hyperesthesia">Hyperesthesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypoesthesia" title="Hypoesthesia">Hypoesthesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Paresthesia" title="Paresthesia">Paresthesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactile_hallucination" title="Tactile hallucination">Tactile hallucination</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nociception (pain)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hyperalgesia" title="Hyperalgesia">Hyperalgesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypoalgesia" title="Hypoalgesia">Hypoalgesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Pain_dissociation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain dissociation">Pain dissociation</a></li>

<li><a href="Phantom_pain" title="Phantom pain">Phantom pain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprioception</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asomatognosia" title="Asomatognosia">Asomatognosia</a></li>

<li><a href="Phantom_limb" title="Phantom limb">Phantom limb syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Somatoparaphrenia" title="Somatoparaphrenia">Somatoparaphrenia</a></li>

<li><a href="Supernumerary_phantom_limb" title="Supernumerary phantom limb">Supernumerary phantom limb</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimodal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Agnosia" title="Agnosia">Agnosia</a></li>

<li><a href="Allochiria" title="Allochiria">Allochiria</a></li>

<li><a href="Derealization" title="Derealization">Derealization</a></li>

<li><a href="Hallucination" title="Hallucination">Hallucination</a></li>

<li><a href="Sensory_processing_disorder" title="Sensory processing disorder">Sensory processing disorder</a></li>

<li><a href="Synesthesia" title="Synesthesia">Synesthesia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biases and errors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Illusion" title="Illusion">Illusion</a> · <a href="Pareidolia" title="Pareidolia">Pareidolia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-02-11" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Multistable_perception&oldid=1206081720">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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